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"Callahan, Harry M"
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Ansel Adams in color
Gathers previously unpublished color photographs of the Grand Canyon, Monument Valley, El Capitan, Yosemite National Park, Mount McKinley, Mono Lake, Death Valley, and White Sands National Monument.
Book
Impact of Body Mass Index on Immunogenicity of Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine in Children and Adults
Obesity emerged as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality related to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. However, few studies examine the immune responses to H1N1 vaccine among children and adults of various body mass indices (BMI). Pooling data from 3 trials of unadjuvanted split-virus H1N1 A/California/07/2009 influenza vaccines, we analyzed serologic responses of participants stratified by BMI grouping. A single vaccine dose produced higher hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers at day 21 in obese compared to nonobese adults, but there were no significant differences in responses to H1N1 vaccine among children or adults of various BMI following 2 doses.
Journal Article
Using a standardized intra-operative endoflip protocol during fundoplication to identify factors that affect distensibility
Introduction
The Endoluminal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (Endoflip) can be used to provide objective measurements of the gastroesophageal junction during fundoplication, and recent publications have suggested that this device could improve surgical outcomes. However, the impact of operative variables has not been clearly reported. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of these variables on functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) measurements.
Methods
Following implementation of a standardized operative FLIP protocol, all data were collected prospectively and entered into a quality database. This database was queried for patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication. The protocol utilized various balloon volumes (30 and 40 ml), patient positions (flat and reverse Trendelenburg) and amounts of insufflation (15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum and no pneumoperitoneum).
Results
Between August 2018 and February 2020, 97 fundoplications were performed by a single surgeon. Multivariable analysis without interactions demonstrated that a 40 ml volume fill resulted in significantly higher minimum diameter (Dmin), cross-sectional area (CSA), intra-balloon pressure (IBP) and distensibility index (DI) compared to a 30 ml volume fill (
p
< 0.001). While reverse Trendelenburg positioning resulted in a significantly higher Dmin, IBP and CSA compared to the flat position (all
p
< 0.05), there was little impact of positioning on DI. Lastly, pneumoperitoneum significantly increased IBP (
p
< 0.001) but did not affect Dmin (
p
= 0.697) or CSA (
p
= 0.757), which resulted in a significant decrease in DI (
p
< 0.001) when compared to measurements without pneumoperitoneum. Multivariable analysis allowing for interactions demonstrated significant two-way interactions between balloon volume and pneumoperitoneum (
p
= 0.047), as well as patient position and pneumoperitoneum (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Surgeons should consider balloon volume and the presence or absence of pneumoperitoneum when interpreting distensibility during or after fundoplication. Additionally, we suggest a formal standardized protocol for FLIP measurements to utilize a 40 ml volume fill in reverse Trendelenburg without pneumoperitoneum.
Journal Article
The political battle over congressional redistricting
John Engler, former Governor of Michigan, once claimed that redistricting is one of the purest actions a legislative body can take. Academicians and political leaders alike, however, have regularly debated the ideal way by to redistrict national and state legislatures. Rather than being the pure process that Governor Engler envisioned, redistricting has led to repeated court battles waged on such traditional democratic values as one person, one vote, and minority rights. Instead of being an opportunity to help ensure maximum representation for the citizens, the process has become a cat and mouse game in many states with citizen representation seemingly the farthest idea from anyone’s mind. From a purely political perspective, those in power in the state legislature at the time of redistricting largely act like they have unilateral authority to do as they please. In this volume, contributors discuss why such an assumption is concerning in the modern political environment.
eBook
READERS SAY KERRY WINNER OF DEBATE
EDITOR: I saw the debate as a missed opportunity for the [George Bush] campaign. Bush foolishly squandered most of his time repeating the same point over and over again. Besides the peculiar repetition, Bush's point was clearly recycled campaign spin and not based in fact. Bush came across as scattered and totally out of touch. [John Kerry] capitalized on the moment. Kerry was very dignified but firm. Kerry held Bush accountable for pathologically \"misleading the American people\" into the quick sand that has become the Iraq occupation. Very clearly, Kerry has won the first debate. EDITOR: Both men stayed on message, but Kerry showed the wisdom and clarity of thought we have been missing for the past four years. Bush bumbled and repeated stock phrases, with no convincing argument. Kerry decidedly won this debate.
Newspaper Article
Extremely broadband ultralight thermally emissive metasurfaces
We report the design, fabrication and characterization of ultralight highly emissive metaphotonic structures with record-low mass/area that emit thermal radiation efficiently over a broad spectral (2 to 35 microns) and angular (0-60 degrees) range. The structures comprise one to three pairs of alternating nanometer-scale metallic and dielectric layers, and have measured effective 300 K hemispherical emissivities of 0.7 to 0.9. To our knowledge, these structures, which are all subwavelength in thickness are the lightest reported metasurfaces with comparable infrared emissivity. The superior optical properties, together with their mechanical flexibility, low outgassing, and low areal mass, suggest that these metasurfaces are candidates for thermal management in applications demanding of ultralight flexible structures, including aerospace applications, ultralight photovoltaics, lightweight flexible electronics, and textiles for thermal insulation.
Paper